Moving from national to international environmental policy

Environmental problems will increasingly spill over national boundaries. An effective and efficient response to these problems will require international solutions; relying purely on national regulatory mechanisms to address global issues will not suffice. To meet this need, better international environmental programs must be developed that maximize collective gain, enforce property rights, address the range of environmental values present in different countries, and fairly determine who should pay for global-scale pollution control.     

Vers un nouvel État–providence: I'expérience de la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail du Québec

Sommaire: Depuis prés de vingt ans, il est question de la crise de I'état–providence. Mais à quoi ressemblera l'état–postprovidence? Parce que l'intervention de 1'état en matière de gestion des risques professionnels a souvent constitué l'acte de naissance de I état–providence au sein des pays de I'ocde, nous avons choisi d'observer les développements récents dans le domaine de la gestion des risques professionnels au Québec. Après avoir COMU une grave crise financière en 1991, la Commission de la santé et de la séurité du travail du Québec s'est livrée à une réingénierie des proces–sus de travail en matiére de réparation des lésions professionnelles. En extraolant a partir du « modèle csst», on constate que le mode d'intervention de 1'état se caractérise désormais par la recherche de 1'équité dans l'attribution des ressources, davantage que par la recherche de 1'égalité. Toutefois, on observe également que pour effectuer la gestion de I'équité, il faut favoriser la participation des « clients»à Yadministration de la fonction publique. Abstract: For almost twenty years now, the welfare state has been said to be in crisis. But what will the post–welfare state look like? Because government intervention in the management of professional risk was often the trigger for the emergence of the welfare state within the oecd countries, we chose to analyse recent developments in the management of professional risk in Quebec. Following a severe financial crisis in 1991, the Quebec Health and Work Safety Board re–engineered the work processes concerning the repair of job injuries. Extrapolating from the “csst [Commission de la santé et de la séurité du travail] model,” it is clear that government intervention is now characterized by a search for equity in resource allocation rather than a search for equality. However, it is also noted that, in order to manage equity, “client” participation in the administration of the public service must also be promoted. À la fin du XIX^e siècle, l'état modeme, l'état de droit, se présente sous une nouvelle forme: l'état–providence. Au cours du siècle suivant, l'étatDésormais, c'est l'appartenance anonyme à cette com–munauté‘devenue société’ qui est garante de la sécurité de l'individu     

The History of Political Science

The history of political science serves as a context within which we make sense of the nature and role of our discipline. Narratives about the past development of British and American political science help to frame debates, choices, and identities within the contemporary discipline in Britain. What do recent studies on the history of political science tell us about the character of political science in Britain and America? What do they suggest about the relation of the British study of politics to British identities more generally? Our review of recent work concentrates on three issues: (1) how historical studies of political science relate to approaches and identities within the contemporary discipline; (2) how they relate to the past, i.e. whether their historical vision is marred by presentism; (3) whether they look beyond the boundaries of the discipline.     

Demographic change and industrialization in germany, 1815–1914

This article analyzes demographic change in Bremen 1815–1914 against the background of changing employment opportunities. Within the pre-industrial employment structure, which still prevailed in the decades after 1850, in-migrants were particularly disadvantaged. When modern industries developed, the situation changed. At the beginning of the twentieth century both male and female in-migrants benefited from a higher life expectancy than the city-born population had. The strong sectoral changes in employment opportunities in Bremen at the turn of the century reinforced the trends towards family limitation. More skilled in-migrants felt the need to adapt their reproductive behavior to facilitate upward social mobility. The article argues for a wider use of archival data, like those used in their study, to explore issues relating to urban demographic change in German cities during industrialization.